International Journal of Biology and Chemistry

Component composition and biological activity of essential oil of plant Zinnia elegans

M. Ozturk, N.R. Sagdollina, M.M. Ibrayeva — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

By the method of steam distillation, samples of essential oil were obtained from a plant cultivated in the East Kazakhstan region. The essential oil was obtained with a yield in terms of air-dry raw materials. The method of gas-liquid chromatography carried out a quantitative analysis of the components of the essential oil. The quantitative content of essential oil components was calculated from the areas of gas chromatographic peaks without using correction factors. The main components of Zinnia elegans essential oil are α-terpineol, β-myrcene, myrtenal and camphene. Terpineol has a pleasant, lilac-like odor and is a common ingredient in perfumes, cosmetics, and fragrances. Pleasant smelling oily liquid. Myrcene has a large number of beneficial properties for the body, whether pure or in aromatherapy through the essential oils that contain it: Sedative and muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, interferon inhibition, gastric and duodenal ulcers, antalgic and antinociceptive, reduces sensitivity to pain by self-healing endogenous derivatives of morphine. Myrtenal - has an anti-inflammatory, resolving effect on acne, infiltrates. Increases the protective barrier of the epidermis. Antioxidant, rejuvenating. Camphene components are effective in the treatment of fungal, viral and bacterial infections that affect the respiratory system.

Use of natural material (flask) of the Taskalinsky deposit of the West Kazakhstan region to obtain thermal insulation material

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Modern construction market is experiencing a shortage of highly efficient thermal insulation materials. Alkali-silicate raw mixtures in combination with high-performance fillers currently make it possible to create porous heat-insulating materials with unique properties: rigid cellular structure, specified geometric dimensions and shape, low thermal conductivity, incombustibility, high processability, environmental friendliness, etc. at a relatively low cost. The use of such heat-insulating materials in construction allows solving the problems of energy saving, accessibility and cost-effectiveness.

The article considers possibility of obtaining heat-insulating material based on sodium silicate (silicate glue "Polipax") and natural material - flasks from Taskalinsky deposit of West Kazakhstan region. Technical characteristics of Polypax glue are given. Using a scanning electron microscope, elemental, chemical, and oxide compositions of the flask were studied. A recipe for a heat-insulating composite material (HCM) has been compiled.To assess the quality of the obtained HCM, its physical and mechanical characteristics were determined: density, water resistance, thermal conductivity, strength. Samples I-II in terms of density and strength showed the best results, and samples III-IV differ slightly from the technical conditions in terms of the studied indicators. It has been determined that the obtained HCM using flask as filler has a positive effect on the performance properties of the heat-insulating material, and is also economically viable, because local raw materials are used. Thus, it is possible to use flask from Taskalinsky deposit of West Kazakhstan region as filler for heat-insulating material.

Chemical constituents of Dianthus superbus, Matricaria chamomilla and Glycyrrhiza glabra

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Currently, one of the main directions of science is the study of plants with medicinal properties, the determination of biological activity and its use for medical purposes. In the present study, the quantitative and qualitative composition of phytochemical components of plants Dianthus superbus, Matricaria chamomilla and Glycyrrhiza glabra growing in the Republic of Kazakhstan were investigated for the first time. The results of our studies showed the maximum amount of organic acids (0,317 %) and flavonoids (0,296 %) in the plant Dianthus superbus. The content of extractive substances Matricaria chamomilla (30,01 %) and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (35,3 %), and the content of polysaccharides is higher in plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (1,475 %) and Dianthus superbus (1,434 %). The plant Matricaria chamomilla showed good results in the amount of elements needed daily by the human body, including – K (2876,70 µg/ml), Na (646,36 µg/ml), Mg (270,75 µg/ml), Ca (517,55 µg/ml), Fe (38,30 µg/ml) and Zn (2,008 µg/ml). The results of the conducted analyses showed that the studied objects contain a sufficient amount of bioactive substances that can in the future expand the range of effective domestic medicines based on plant raw materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

All solid-state fabrication strategy of CdS@ZnS nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance in water purification

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Herein a systematic study of two-step solid-phase synthesis of CdS@ZnS nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activity is presented. First, CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in a planetary ball mill through a solid-state ion exchange reaction. In the second step, Cd²⁺ ions were partially replaced by Zn²⁺ ions at the surface of the nanoparticles using solvent free long-term activation in a high-energy planetary ball mill. The optimal activation time in a ball mill was determined to be 45 min. Spherical CdS nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm and modified CdS@ZnS (45 min) nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The ability of nanocomposites for photocatalytic water purification was tested on the degradation of the model organic dye Orange II in an aqueous solution under the visible light irradation. The modified CdS@ZnS nanocomposites showed higher photocatalytic activity compared to the original CdS nanoparticles.

Synthesis and characterization of LATP solid electrolyte by solution method

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the study of solid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries. Ion conductive ceramic material NASICON-type Li_1+xAl_xTi_2-x(PO₄)₃ (LATP) is a promising solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries due to its stability in air. Here we report the results of LATP synthesis using the solution method. It has been found that the ionic conductivity of LATP is largely influenced by the preparation method. Pure LATP was obtained with the grain size of 100-700 nm. Measured ionic conductivity of the prepared LATP was in order of 10^-5 S cm^-1 at room temperature. Its typical particle size is between 100 and 700 nm, and its relative density is 89.5 percent.

Theoretical determination of electronic, geometric and spectroscopic properties of some 1,2,4-triazol derivatives

F. İslamoğlu, N. Erdoğan, E. Hacıfazlıoğlu — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this study, molecular geometric optimization of five 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivative compounds was obtained using Density Functional Theory, (DFT, B3LYP)/ Hartree Fock, (HF, B3LYP) methods on the basis set of 6-311G (d,p) in order to find the most stable geometric shape of the studied compounds. FT-IR and UV-vis spectral values were performed by using gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) methods with Gaussian G09W package program. IR frequency datas of investigated five compounds were calculated in gas phases and are multiplied with appropriate scala factors. The identification of the calculated IR data was performed in the veda4f program. Additionally, bond angles, bond lengths, dipole moments, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy and total energy, mulliken charges and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of five compounds were calculated using same methods and set.

Investigation of serum neopterin levels and adenosine deaminase enzymatic activity in measles infection

D. Narin, Y. Cosgun, G. Korukluoglu, M. Kavutcu — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this study was to investigate the serum neopterin level and ADA activity in acute measles infection and determine whether there is a correlation between the measles optical density values, and the neopterin and ADA levels. The neopterin level and ADA activities were investigated in the samples of 136 measles IgM-positive patients along with those of 40 measles IgM-negative patients as the control group. The most important findings of the study was the determination of significantly higher neopterin levels and ADA activity in the measles IgM-positive group when compared to the measles IgM-negative group. These findings have shown that the neopterin level and ADA activity can assist in the diagnosis of measles in the acute period as biomarkers.

Determination of volatile components and ethnobotanical properties of Rhus coriaria L. in Isparta province of Turkey

A.G. Sarıkaya, E.H. Tığlı Kaytanlıoğlu, H. Fakir — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Rhus coriaria L., which is from the Anacardiaceae family, is important as a spice and medicinal plant in Türkiye. In recent years, when drugs are insufficient, interest in natural plants has increased and their importance has increased in terms of being a source of raw materials in many industrial areas. In this study, it was aimed to determine the volatile components of sumac fruit samples collected from Kasnak, Kovada Lake, Barla Mountain, Aşağıgökdere and Sütçüler locations in Isparta province and their ethnobotanical use in the region. 159 volatile components of Rhus coriaria, were determined by the Head Void-Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (HS-SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main components were α-pinene (Sütçüler 16.95%; Barla Mount 24.41%, Kovada 16.37%, Kasnak Forest 5.81%, Aşağıgökdere 18.20%, limonene (Sütçüler 7.50%; Barla Mountain 8.35%; Kovada 18.07%; Kasnak Forest 11%, 83; Aşağıgökdere 12.38%), 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-Dimethyl- (Sütçüler 13.76%; Barla Mountain 19.36%; Kovada 7.97%; Kasnak Forest 5.53% ; Aşağıgökdere 15.01%) and β-caryophyllene (Sütçüler 7.70%; Barla Mountain 21.55%; Kovada 12.99%; Kasnak Forest 33.63%; Aşağıgökdere 1.18%). To determine the ethnobotanical use of Rhus coriaria in the region, a face-to-face survey of 22 questions was applied to 150 people selected by the stratified sampling model from the local people. The local people use the leaves and flowers of Rhus coriaria as tea, the fruits as a spice, and the sour sauce obtained from the fruits for food purposes. They also stated that they use it for various ailments, especially against Covid-19, for health purposes.

Decellularization of bone tissue in a supercritical carbon dioxide environment

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The use of pig bone tissue as a graft makes it possible to obtain high-quality, relatively cheap and biocompatible ECM. This is since the mineral composition of pork bone is most similar to the mineral composition of human bone. Decellularization in SC-CO₂ is a promising direction, since carbon dioxide easily diffuses into the depth of the cell and is a good solvent for lipids, it is non-flammable, non-toxic and chemically non-aggressive. In this paper, the ECM in SC-CO₂ was obtained in three ways: 1) in dynamic mode with large SC-CO₂ flows; 2) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO₂ flows; 3) in static and dynamic modes with large SC-CO₂ flows, with preliminary exposure in ethyl alcohol as a co-solvent. According to the histological examination, the removal of ICC by the first method is 55%. The use of a co-solvent before starting the decellularization process increases the percentage of ICC removal to 98%, which allows the use of ECM as a transplant.

Study of features of influenza virus circulation in the southern region of Kazakhstan during the 2021 epidemic season

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Influenza viruses are among the most prevalent infectious agents, leading to massive seasonal epidemics and pandemics with high mortality rates. The ability of influenza virus to antigenic variability determines the high population susceptibility, wide spread of infection, and short intervals between epidemics. In recent years, the co-circulation of influenza viruses that belong to A/H1N1pdm09 and A/ H3N2 subtypes and influenza type B virus has been observed. Here we summarize the data we explored to establish the features of the influenza virus circulation in the southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To conduct virological and serological studies, 590 biosamples were collected from sick patients (419 swabs and 171 blood serums). Influenza type A virus RNA was found in 39 (9.31%) samples including that of A/H1N1pdm09 virus in 15 (3.58%), A/H3N2 virus in 23 (5.49%). It has also been noted that isolates A/Almaty/10/21 and A/Almaty/15/21 were profiled by the antigenic formula A/H3N2. The results of virological, serological, and molecular genetic studies confirm the simultaneous circulation of influenza A viruses (H1N1pdm09 and H3N2), and influenza type B virus. Some thoughts on the current scenario as well as implications for the future are presented as well.

Synthetic fungicides for controlling brown leaf spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Rice (Oryzae sativa L.) is suffering from several biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, brown leaf spot of rice (BLS) is potentially devastating disease of rice causing the severe yield losses up to 100%. The current study was designed to evaluate most effective synthetic fungicides management strategy towards BLS disease. For this purpose, 12 fungicides were screened out under in vitro conditions and four most effective fungicides were further demonstrated against the targeted pathogen with three different concentrations (100, 150 and 150ppm) by using poisoned food technique. The results revealed that propiconazole and thiophanate methyl showed the strong inhibitory effect against B. oryzae followed by contaf plus and bavistin respectively. The promising fungicides (propiconazole and thiophanate methyl) under lab conditions were further evaluated in vivo against BLS disease by using 3 types of applications i.e. Pre-inoculation, Post-inoculation and after symptoms appearance. Findings showed that, Post-inoculation was found most effective as compared to other applications, furthermore combination of propiconazole and thiophanate methyl showed significant reduction in disease incidence percent as compared to solo applications. The reduction in disease incidence percent in all application methods suggested that these synthetic fungicides could be used against BLS of rice.

Study of Hedysarum theinum (Fabaceae Lindl.) in the flora of Kazakhstan

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Analysis of historical data on the distribution of Hedysarum theinum Krasnob. in Kazakhstan presented in this paper is based on herbarium collections kept at the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty and the Digital Herbarium of Moscow State University, Moscow, as well as a list of species of Hedysarum theinum on the Ivanovsky Ridge, Kazakhstani Altai with specimens collected as a result of expedition trips to the study area. The cenoflora includes 176 species from 120 genera and 41 families. The hierarchical order of the leading families is as follows: Asteraceae Dumort, Poaceae Barnhart, Ranunculaceae Juss., Rosaceae Juss. Comparative analysis of life forms shows that short rhizomatous plants prevail – 33%, as taproot plants constitute 24% and tussock plants – 11%. The basis of communities in relation to the temperature, moisture and substrate structure are made of the following ecological groups of plants: mesophytes – 30%, and, in a smaller proportion, of mesohygrophytes – 19%, mesoxerophytes – 20% and mesopsychrophytes – 18%.

Possible positive effect of gum Arabic against the toxicity of the drug furosemide on newborn rats

F.A. Al-Ghamdi, J.A. Al-sulami , H. Al-Nahari — Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Medicinal plants received special attention due to their biological and medicinal activities, aspects of safety in their use, and low cost. This study aimed to prove gum Arabic (GA) extract’s preventive and therapeutic role against furosemide toxicity. Moreover, histological findings, renal functions, and the level of MDA and GSH in the serum and kidney tissues of newborn rats were assessed. Thirty pregnant rats were divided into six groups (n = 5 per group). The first group is the control group, with no treatment. The second is the GA group, administered 15% w/v GA in drinking water daily from conception day 0 until the end of pregnancy. The third group is the furosemide group; furosemide (20 mg/k, ip) was taken daily from conception day 0 until the end of pregnancy. The fourth group is the protective group (preventive group); GA was taken daily (15% w/v in drinking water) from conception day 0 to day 10, followed by furosemide (20 mg/kg, ip) daily until the end of pregnancy. The fifth group is the therapeutic group; furosemide (20 mg/kg, ip) was taken daily from conception day 0 to day 10, followed by GA (15% w/v in drinking water) daily until the end of pregnancy. The sixth group is the mixed group; GA and furosemide were administered together from conception day 0 until the end of pregnancy

Reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system in athletes of certain sports under conditions of intense muscular activity

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides data on the peculiarities of adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to muscle load in athletes engaged in certain types of martial arts (judo, Thai boxing, MMA, and jiu-jitsu). Changes in physiological indicators such as weight, height, vital capacity, glossopharyngeal inhalation (GI), blood pressure, heart rate, physical performance, endurance according to the physical work capacity test at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC ₁₇₀) and membrane patch colorimetry (MPC) tests, and heart rate variability are shown, with the calculation of the main indices of the humoral-vegetative balance. The results showed that the vital capacity of the lungs and tidal volume in athletes were 6-8% lower than the required values and corresponded to the “average level” of the functional capabilities of the respiratory system. Calculations of the Skibinsky, Robinson, and Shapovalova indices showed a functional insufficiency in the adaptation of the cardiorespiratory system to physical activity. Against the background of the development of muscle strength functions, indicators of physical performance and endurance of athletes (PWC₁₇₀ and maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) tests) turned out to be “below average” levels in absolute and relative values. To identify hidden functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, variability studies were conducted on heart rate (HRV), the results of which showed that 60% of athletes (in all groups), regardless of the type of sport, had a good level of functional capability of the cardiovascular system. The remaining athletes revealed a low level of adaptation mechanisms and functional state of the cardiorespiratory systems, the reason for which was insufficient training of the body of endurance athletes. Research has shown that athletes who have not previously engaged in special training for endurance and increased performance need to develop cardiorespiratory capabilities that ensure the activity of metabolic processes and replenish energy reserves for successful sports activities.

Seeds diversity of different species in the genus Rhododendron after pre-sowing treatment

Mon, 25 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the study is the evaluation seeds diversity of different species in the genus Rhododendron after pre-sowing treatment with organic compounds. As the signs of the seeds diversity is understood the seed germination and the seedling height. The research was conducted at the B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University (geographic coordinates: E 39°12', N 51°42'; 168.2 meters above sea level), Central Chernozem region (chernozem soil) in 2019-2020. It has been used ornamental shrubs. The study was made about the pyrimidinecarboxylic acids effect on the seed germination and the seedling height of Rhododendron species. The diversity of seeds is manifested in their heterogeneity according to morphological characteristics (the seedling height) and sowing qualities (seed germination) of Rhododendron species. The sowing properties (germinating capacity, seedling growth) were improved after treating the seeds with the organic compounds. There is the trend of increasing the seed germination and the seedling height of Rhododendron depended on the concentration of applied compounds. The seed germination for Rh. ledebourii, Rh. luteum, Rh. molle was increased from 5 to 7%, for Rh. schlippenbachii – from 5 to 10%. The seed treatment with pyrimidinecarboxylic acids at concentrations 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% allows to increase the seedling height for Rh. ledebourii from 37.5 to 75%, for Rh. luteum, Rh. molle - from 18.2 to 45.5%, for Rh. schlippenbachii from 20 to 40% concerning the control. To increase the seedling height, 2-benzylamino-4-methylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid at concentrations 0.05% and 0.1% is most effective. Morphologically close Rhododendron species (Rh. luteum, Rh. molle) indicated similar reactions to the seed treatment with compounds of the pyrimidinecarboxylic acid series.