The potential ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera in emamectin benzoate induced toxicity in freshwater Labeo rohita fish

Abstract

Emamectin benzoate pesticide (EMB) is life-threatening chemical causing harmful effects on aquatic organisms specially fish species. Current study was aimed to understand the ameliorative role of Moringa oleifera against the toxic effects of emamectin benzoate on hematological, biochemical and changes in the soft tissues of Labeo rohita. Four groups were made. First group without chemicals is the control group, while 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th groups were exposed to 3.64µg/L, 7.28µg/L and 14.56µg/L EMB respectively for 30 days. Results revealed that the number of RBCs, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBCs were decreased while lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and platelets were increased significantly. Biochemical parameters of fish including serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, albumin, globulin, blood glucose, ALT, AST, TSH, urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased while HDL, total protein, T3 and T4 were decreased. Histological changes revealed that EMB causes degenerative effects in soft tissues of exposed fish. After using Moringa oleifera, all the effects were reversed and the fish was moved towards recovery. The overall results of the study showed that emamectin benzoate can alter the histological, hematological, and biochemical processes of Labeo rohita, thus toxic to aquatic organisms.